Concrete formwork engineering is a crucial link in building construction, determining the quality of structural forming. The standardization of its operation process directly affects the safety and efficiency of the project. A complete formwork construction operation typically follows a closed-loop process of "preparation before installation, precise installation, and scientific dismantling."
I. Pre-construction Preparation: Laying the Foundation for Safety A comprehensive technical briefing must be conducted before operation to clarify the construction plan and safety regulations. Workers must wear safety helmets and safety belts, and check the formwork and support system for integrity. The use of deformed or severely rusted materials is strictly prohibited. Simultaneously, the formwork surface must be thoroughly cleaned to remove oil and debris, and a release agent must be evenly applied to create conditions for smooth demolding later.
II. Installation Operation Process: Precise Positioning and Reinforcement The installation process follows the principle of "vertical first, then horizontal." First, measurements are taken and lines are laid out, and axis and elevation control lines are marked to ensure accurate positioning. Then, the support system is erected, and pads are placed at the bottom of the uprights to prevent settlement. During formwork installation, first install the wall and column formwork, correcting verticality using diagonal braces and tie bolts; then install the beam and slab formwork. For beams and slabs with spans greater than 4 meters, cambering is required according to design requirements to counteract the downward deflection caused by the concrete's own weight. All joints must be tightly sealed to prevent grout leakage.
III. Removal Operation Specifications: Follow Strength and Sequence
Removal is crucial for formwork turnover and must strictly adhere to the sequence of "removing the last support before removing it, and removing the last support before removing it." Before removal, confirm that the concrete strength has met the specifications based on the compressive strength report of test blocks cured under the same conditions. Side formwork can be removed when the concrete surface and edges are undamaged; bottom formwork requires determination based on the component span. For spans greater than 8 meters, the strength must reach 100% before removal. During removal, forceful prying and hammering are strictly prohibited; use specialized tools to gently loosen the formwork to prevent damage to the concrete surface.
IV. Safety Operation Points
When working at heights, the operating platform must be stable, and guardrails must be installed near the edges. Dismantled formwork and accessories must not be thrown; they should be passed or hoisted to designated areas for categorized stacking. During concrete pouring, a designated person must monitor the stability of the formwork support system; if any abnormality is detected, work should be stopped immediately and reinforcement measures should be taken.
